Extracorporeal circulation (CPB) is a technology used in cardiovascular surgeries, very common in aortic diseases, heart, lung, and liver transplants. This procedure consists of leaving the patient with an artificial basis of life, in which they occur through a device with disposable devices, which can supply the functions of the heart, kidneys and lungs, taking oxygen and pumping blood throughout the individual's body. Patients who use cardiopulmonary bypass for a long time can trigger a systemic inflammatory process, increasing the risk of death or sepsis. Since this is a category of controlled circulation, the association of immunological factors through the triggering of a wave of activation of cells responsible for the immune system, occurs with the release of inflammatory mediators. This inflammatory process can be understood as a protective response, with the aim of canceling cell damage caused by bacteria, toxins, or trauma. However, it can consequently, by biological response, accelerate cell or tissue necrosis. This systemic inflammatory response in circulation presents an increase in venous tone and alteration of blood flow in the bloodstream. The effects of prolonged CPB can cause edema, complications in breathing and neurological disorders, the influence of this humoral immunity triggers many inflammatory mechanisms, in which there is the production of active kinins in the coagulation system, enabling the release of activated fragments of the complement that will cause the increase of endotoxin kallikrein. Thus, the functionality of the fibrinolytic system occurs, increasing the adhesion of molecules and activation of neutrophils, the platelets begin to be activated by the use of CPB, impairing their function. Even so, it is plausible to identify that patients with low weight and longer using CPB have a high risk of SIRS (systemic inflammatory response syndrome) even in the absence of infection.